Sampling as the Bridge between Paradigms

An Integrated Framework and Procedural Pathway for Mixed Methods Research in Education

Abstract

Mixed methods research (MMR) has become an important technique of educational research, which serves as a bridge between the quantitative and the qualitative paradigm to tackle the complexity of the teaching and learning processes. Despite its increasing use, there has always been a difficulty; the lack of conceptual clarity and procedural consistency in the way sampling is designed and integrated across research strands. This weakness often affects data integration and the quality of inference in a study, as well as the overall methodology of the research. This research addresses this gap by developing an Integrated Framework and Procedural Pathway Model (IFPPM) that re-conceptualises sampling as the key link between philosophical foundations and research practise. The article considers the conceptual meaning of sampling in the framework of MMR, determines its main features and typologies that determine its application in different design structures. It further details a step-wise procedural pathway to assist coherent and transparent sampling decisions while emphasising on integration logic and the ethical considerations. By bringing together conceptual, procedural and ethical dimensions, the IFPPM allows a structure for researchers that is both structured and flexible. This study makes a contribution to strengthening the methodological rigor and coherence in educational research, as well as positioning sampling as an important integrative mechanism that enhances the credibility and depth of mixed methods studies.